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What is a change of ownership (CHOW) in Medicare?

A CHOW is what happens, in Medicare terms, when a certified provider is sold. It is also one of the most consequential decisions in a healthcare acquisition, and it is public.

Assignment versus termination

On a change of ownership the buyer has a choice. Accept assignment of the existing provider agreement and the facility keeps its certification, its CCN and its billing continuity — along with its compliance history, outstanding overpayments and civil monetary penalties. Or let the agreement terminate and enroll as a new provider, which means a clean history and a gap in billing while certification is rebuilt.

Why buyers usually accept assignment

Continuity of revenue. A skilled nursing facility that stops billing Medicare while it re-certifies is a facility burning cash with no offsetting income.

What a CHOW filing shows you

Buyer, seller, CCN, effective date, CHOW type and the full owner list on both sides. Read across a market it shows you consolidation in real time — who is accumulating, who is exiting, and how fast.

The lag you need to know about

CMS's change-of-ownership file trails reality by months. Recent quarters look quiet because they are incomplete, not because the market stopped. Never read the most recent period as a trend.

Common questions

What does CHOW stand for?

Change of ownership.

Does a CHOW change the facility's CCN?

Not if the buyer accepts assignment of the existing provider agreement. The CCN and the compliance history carry over.

Is CHOW data public?

Yes. CMS publishes change-of-ownership files for skilled nursing facilities and hospitals, free to download.

Sources for this page
Skilled Nursing Facility All Owners — CMS file SNF_All_Owners_2026.07.31.csv, published 2026-08-17, retrieved 2026-08-20. Original file
Home Health Agency All Owners — CMS file HHA_All_Owners_2026.07.17.csv, published 2026-08-19, retrieved 2026-08-20. Original file
Hospice All Owners — CMS file Hospice_All_Owners_2026.07.17.csv, published 2026-08-19, retrieved 2026-08-20. Original file
Skilled Nursing Facility Change of Ownership — CMS file SNF_CHOW_2026.07.17.csv, published 2026-07-27, retrieved 2026-08-20. Original file